Quote, paraphrase, and citation #1 (book)

Quote: "What caused the big bang? . . . One might consider some supernatural force, some agency beyond space and time as being responsible for the big bang, or one might prefer to regard the big bang as an event without a cause. It seems to me that we don't have too much choice. Either . . . something outside of the physical world . . . or . . . an event without a cause." (p. 8)

Paraphrase: If the big bang was the beginning of the universe, it leads to an interesting dilemma. Either something outside the physical world caused the big bang, or it just happened on its own without a cause at all.


Citation: Davies, Paul. God, Cosmos, Nature and Creativity. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1995.